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Objective The effect of different doses of ethylnitrosourea(ENU)and cyclophosphamide(CP)on the loss rate of CD59 on peripheral blood erythrocytes was explored to optimize the detection method of Pig-a gene mutation. Methods According to the weight and loss rate of CD59 on peripheral blood erythrocytes,rats were divided into 4 groups:the control group,CP 40 mg/kg group,ENU 10 mg/kg group and ENU 40 mg/kg group(n=6). The control group was injected i.p. with PBS,other groups were injected i.p. with corresponding solutions. The body weight of rats on days 0,7,14,21, 28, 42 and 56 were recorded. At the same time, blood samples were collected and incubated with antibodies,and the loss rate of RBCCD59-was detected by flow cytometry. Results Compared with the control group, at different time points, the body weight and weight gain of ENU 10 mg/kg group and ENU 40 mg/kg group had no statistically significant difference(P > 0.05),while those in the CP 40 mg/kg group were significantly decreased(P <0.05). The loss rate of RBCCD59-was significantly increased in the CP 40 mg/kg group at 28,42 and 56 days, ENU 10 mg/kg group at 42 and 56 days,and ENU 40 mg/kg group at 7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days,(P < 0.05). The results showed a dose-response relationship. Conclusions Under the conditions of this Pig-a mutation detection method,ENU is superior to CP on raising loss rate of RBCCD59-,ENU 40 mg/kg is better than 10 mg/kg,and 28 days is suitable as the test period.
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Objective To define dynamic changes of viral loads and antibody responses in ICR mice naturally infected with hepatitis virus in an MHV contaminative facility .Method A total 50 ICR were housed by different “dirty bedding” exposure.Antigen and antibody was detected after 2,4,8,14,21,28,35,42,56 and 84 days.Result Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) was detected in lung after 2 days, and positive rate is 20% (1/5).MHV was detected in lung, liver, cecal and feces during 4 and 56 days.The positive rate was 0/5 in lung, liver, cecal and feces on 84 days after experiments.Antibody positive rates were 100%during 8 and 84 days.Conclusion Serological method can be used as the main method for the diagnosis of the daily supervision , and antigen detection method can only be applied to early diagnosis .
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Objective To assess the changes of humidity and ammonia concentration in rat and mouse individually ventilated cages (IVC) based on macroenvironmental humidity and air ventilation changes .Methods Three kinds of rat and mouse IVC in barrier facilities were set as research objective .The changes of micronvironmental humidity and ammonia concentration at 40 times/h and 60 times /h air changes were detected continuously for a 7-days-cycle relative to low (40%), moderate (50%), and high (60%) macroenvironmental humidity.Results Mouse and rat IVC with 40 times /h air changes under low macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 40 times/h and rat IVC with 60 times/h air changes under moderate macroenvironmental humidity condition , mouse IVC with 60 times /h air changes under high macroenvironmental humidity condition , basically meet the GB14925-2010 requirements.While under macroenvironmental high humidity condition, the microenvironments of rat and mouse IVC with 60 times/h air changes could not satisfy the requirements.Conclusions The environmental humidity and ventilation frequency are the key index of IVC microenvironment.Only on the basis of external environment conditions to set up reasonable IVC ventilation frequency in order to better maintain the IVC microenvironment so that to achieve the goal of effective management .
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Objective To study the cell immunity and eytokines responses to avian influenza A H5N1 virus infections in a BALB/c model to better understand the pathogenesis of H5N1 avian influenza disease. Methods Two hundred and twenty BALB/c mice of the infected group were inoculated with 0.1 ml (10-4.875 TCID50) of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 ( H5N1 ) virus intra-nasally. Fifty control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid and another fifty control mice received normal sodium. Blood and spleen samples were collected from the live mice every 24 h during the 14 d post-infection. The changes of CD3 + T cells , CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells for cell immunity in blood circulation and spleen were detected by flow cytometry. And the cytokines and antibody responses in blood circulation were detected by ELISA. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Results Avian influenza A( H5N1) virus infections can make damages to the cell immune system transiently. The CD3 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, CDS + T cells declined at 24 days post infection in blood circulation and declined at 5-8 days in spleen, then recovered to the normal level gradually. The eytokines responses to the infections can be detected: the level of IFN-γ,TNF-α declined, IL-4, IL-18, IL-10 increased, and IL-2 changed little. The antibody increased rapidly from day 7 post infection until the end of the study (day 14 post infection). Conclusion Collectively, avian influenza A(H5N1) virus can cause cell immunity deficiency and an imbalance in the level of eytokines, which may contribute to the unusual severity of disease caused by the H5N1 avian influenza virus.
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@#ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics and epidemic analysis in children with hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) following acute flaccid paralysis(AFP).Methods30 children with HFMD following AFP in Hunan Province Children's Hospital were surveyed retrospectively.ResultsAll the patients were below 5 years old, 83.34％ were 1～3 years old, 90% from countryside. Besides AFP of limbs, 86.67% complicated with encephalitis. The major clinical characteristics as followed: fever(100.00%), skin rash(100.00%), startle and skip(80.00%), emesis(63.33%), neurogenic pulmonary edema(13.33%) and urinary retention(16.67%). The most palsy occurred in 3～5 days after onset, and the palsy in lower limbs was major, only a few had palsy in upper extremities or tetraplegia. 26 cases were infected with enterovirus type 71(EV 71), 1 case infected other EV, 3 cases were negatively. The EMG showed that the amplitude of active potential lowered in the femoral nervus, tibial nerve, peroneal nerve, axillay nerve and musculocutaneous nerve, or/and the motor conduction velocity slowed down, the damage of proximate nerve was the most common.ConclusionThe most children with HFMD following AFP were infected with EV 71. Encephalitis was the common complication. The symptom of EV 71 was more severious than distribute EV.
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Objective To test our hypothesis that sensitivity to avian influenza A(H5N1)virus varies among mouse strain backgrounds, we compared the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection in 5 mouse strains. Methods Onehundred-fifty mice from 2 inbred strains(BALB/c and C57BL/6), and 3 outbred stocks(ICR, NIH Swiss, and KM Swiss)were used. Thirty mice of each strain were subjected to an infected group(20 mice), in which mice were inoculated with 0. 1 mL(104.875 TCID50)of A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003(H5N1)virus intra-nasally; ten control mice received noninfectious allantoic fluid. Clinical signs were assessed daily for 14 days post-infection. Necropsy was performed on mice that died during the experiment and those euthanized at end of study. Tissue samples were collected for viral isolation and pathological analysis. Results H5N1 virus infection can cause respiratory illness in all 5 strains with severe or minor acute respiratory distress symptoms, but with different mortality rates: 70% in BALB/c; 50% in ICR; 40% in NIH Swiss; 25% in C57BL/6; and 10% in KM Swiss mice. Necrotizing interstitial pneumonia was found in all cases of death. The virus was isolated from the lungs of all infected dead mice. Conclusion A/Goose/Guangdong/NH/2003 (H5N1)virus can infect all mouse strains used in this study, and can cause clinical symptoms and pathological changes similar to those found in humans infected with HSN1 viruses. However, the pathogenicity of H5N1 viral infection varies significantly between the different mouse strains. Thus, in future study of H5N1 virus infections the mouse strain most relevant to their particular research purpose should be selected as animal model.
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Objective To review the experience of multiple modality endovascular treatment for intracranial venous thrombosis, and to evaluate the efficacy and risk of endovascular thrombolysis for intracranial venous thrombosis.Methods From October, 2000 to October, 2001, 12 patients with intracranial venous thrombosis confirmed by CT, MRI, MRV, and/or DSA were treated with multiple modality endovascular thrombolysis including intravenous thrombolysis, mechanical thrombus maceration, intraarterial thrombolysis, and stenting.After thrombolysis, treatment aimed at the primary diseases was continued and warfarin was used for 6 months.The patients were followed-up for 17-29 months, averaged 23 months.Results Of the twelve patients, all underwent transvenous thrombolysis, ten underwent combined transvenous thrombolysis and clot maceration, seven underwent transvenous infusion of urokinase combined with transarterial infusion of urokinase.Two underwent transvenous infusion of urokinase combined with transarterial infusion of urokinase.The thrombolysis duration was from one to three days.The infusion dose of urokinase was 800 000 to 2 900 000 IU, the averaging dosage of urokinase was less than 1 000 000 IU per day.All patients achieved from recanalization of sinuses as confirmed on postprocedural angiography, MRI, and MRV studies prior to hospital discharge.At discharge, all the patients improved neurologically, and GCS improved from averaged 12 of pre-operation to 14 of post-operation.During the averaging 23 months follow-up, no patient recurred. Conclusion Combined multiple modality endovascular treatment is an effective and safe procedure for potentially catastrophic intracranial venous thrombosis.
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Objective:To investigate effects of strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney and their combination before and after exercise on relative indexes of metabolism of glucose and amino acids.Methods:Strengthening the spleen alone,tonifying the kidney alone or their combination before and after exercise was given to the rat receiving 7-week gradually increasing load exercise on a running platform,and after quantitative load,contents of serum lactic acid,urea nitrogen,glucose,hepatic glycogen,muscle glycogen,hemoglobin,and malondialdehyde(MDA)in renal tissue and activity of superoxide dismulase(SOD)in the renal tissue were determined.Results:Strengthening the spleen before exercise increased hepatic and muscle glycogen contents,and tonifying the kidney before exercise increased muscle glycogen content,and strengthening the spleen combined with tonifying the kidney before and after exercise increased hemoglobin level,strengthening the spleen followed by tonifying the kidney before exercise decreased serum lactic acid and urea nitrogen levels,increased muscle glycogen content and SOD activity/MDA content ratio in the kidney.Conclusion:Strengthening the spleen and tonifying the kidney play a certain role in reducing motion-related fatigue,while strengthening the spleen followed by tonifying the kidney before exercise has the best results.